This paper explores exclusion and equality through critical theory, in the context of adult literacy provision in Ireland, by investigating the sites of exclusion that exist for a group of five male adult literacy learners. A summary review of literacy theories, exclusion and equality is provided framing the reporting of data from this collaborative action research study. Focus groups and visual methods were used to gather qualitative data relating to incidents, attitudes and experiences of exclusion. Findings relate to two main sites of exclusion namely workplace literacy and work-related training and form-filling and correspondence. Giving voice to participants and enabling them to record photographically and critique their individual experiences of exclusion bridges critical literacy theory and practice. It is argued that participative practice in research can empower learners to make links between personal literacy difficulties and the systems that permeate wider society, and to act for social change.