The Modern Language Aptitude Test (Paper-and-Pencil Version, henceforth, the MLAT) measures "an individual's ability to learn a foreign language." It targets English-speaking adults (over Grade 9) who are literate. The test has only one form, which has not changed since it was first published by the Psychological Corporation in 1959. The test can be taken either in short or in long form. The long form consists of Parts I to V, requires a CD player, and takes about 70 minutes to complete. The short form consists of Parts III to V, does not require a CD player, and takes about 30 minutes to complete. Users can score the test using a hand-scoring stencil. Information about the mean scores and percentile rankings of different types of learners is available in the manual. With the deaths of the first author, Dr. John B. Carroll, in 2003, and the second author, Dr. Stanley M. Sapon, in 2010, the 53-year-old test has now lost both of its creators. Given that the single original form of the MLAT has remained unchanged since its first release in 1959, it is truly remarkable that the test is still widely used for both practical and research purposes. This review presents the test in historical perspective, bridging its past, present, and future. (Contains 1 table.)