This article provides an overview of the development of disability employment policy and rehabilitation services in Australia. In particular, it focuses on recent legislative and policy changes that attempt to address the high rates of welfare dependency, low employment rates and workplace discrimination experienced by people with disabilities. An overview of rehabilitation counselor training in Australia and identification of factors that have led to curriculum changes over recent years are provided as a basis for a case example of rehabilitation counselor training programs at the University of Sydney. Implications of Australian developments in disability employment policy and practice, and rehabilitation counselor training, are examined in relation to the situation in the United States. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)