Faculty members who led change initiatives often express frustration at the roadblocks created by other faculty members or groups. In 2009 George Kuh and Stanley Ikenberry undertook a survey of provosts for the National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment to explore the state of student learning assessment. They found that "Gaining faculty involvement and support remains a major challenge..." Sixty-six percent of provosts at all institutions said more faculty engagement would be helpful, and "about four-fifths of provosts at doctoral research universities reported greater faculty engagement as their number one challenge". In order to make substantial improvements in colleges and universities, the author stresses the need to understand and address the sources of faculty resistance. He argues that it is necessary to not only design change for institutions but redesign institutions for change. (Contains 15 resources.)