This study investigated cross-cultural differences in the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Young Schema Questionnaire (short form; YSQ-SF). The participants were 712 Chinese undergraduate students. The total sample was randomly divided into two sub-samples. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on questionnaire results for Group A, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted on Group B. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the predictive validity of the schemas in predicting depression and anxiety. EFA revealed a 14-factor solution in Sample A. This factor solution was confirmed using CFA on the data from Sample B. The overall scale of the YSQ-SF demonstrated a high level of internal consistency, as did all of the subscales. Predictive validity of the schema domains in predicting depression and anxiety scores was confirmed via two multiple regression analyses.