ESL students struggle to represent accurately on tests what they know. Understanding what constitutes equitable testing practices in university settings for ESL students poses a significant challenge to educators. This study reports on the content analysis of semi-structured interview data obtained from 13 university-level ESL students on their opinions, concerns, strategies, and preferences in testing. ESL students provide evidence that language proficiency, test anxiety, and preferences for particular test formats, such as multiple-choice over essay questions, affect their ability to demonstrate content knowledge. Students describe context, culture, and seven language-related problems in testing, and show awareness of various test-taking strategies. The results suggest practical implications for making testing outcomes more equitable for ESL students.