Chemicals are ubiquitous in the environment, and human exposure to them is inevitable. A benchmark investigation of industrial chemicals, pollutants, and pesticides in umbilical cord blood indicated that humans are born with an average of 200 pollutants already present in their bodies. The study found a total of 287 chemicals, of which, 180 are known human or animal carcinogens, 217 are neurotoxins, and 208 cause birth defects or abnormal development in animals. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 in the United States uses risk assessment models derived from average adult populations, thereby inadequately protecting the most vulnerable populations. Vulnerable populations include children, the elderly, those with health impairments, and persons with developmental disabilities. Americans, on average spend about 90% of their time indoors. This number is estimated to be even higher for people with disabilities. Indoor air is primarily influenced by behavioral practices and product use within the home or building. Main sources of exposure within the home include lead paint from older, deteriorating housing; contaminated drinking water; pesticide exposure from foods and home spraying; mercury exposure; and contaminated indoor air from environmental tobacco smoke, radon, carbon monoxide, and household cleaning and repair products. Basic steps should be taken to minimize risk in their homes or residential facilities, including the safe reduction or removal of lead, or securing lead-safe housing as residences, the reduction of environmental mercury and methyl mercury intake through diet, the installation of CO detectors and proper ventilation for combustion appliances, the adoption of integrated pest management practices, the implementation of green cleaning practices, and the use of safer household product alternatives.