This study examined the participation rates and performance of students classified with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) in a statewide reading assessment. Gender, ethnicity, cognitive ability, school-level socioeconomic status, and instructional setting are analyzed as factors correlated with performance. Findings indicate that only 56% of students with EBD participate in statewide assessment. Only 44% of those met proficiency standards. Implications relate to classification of differences by subgrouping of students with EBD. (Contains 5 tables.)