The National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB) recently published the results of the 2008 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in Music, the fourth in a series of NAEP music assessments that began in 1971. It is important that NAEP, known as "The Nation's Report Card," measures the music achievement of America's students, both because music and the other arts are core subject areas and because quality assessments of student learning provide information to guide policymakers who care about improving music program quality. Unfortunately, the 2008 NAEP failed to measure student achievement in either performing or creating music, two areas that are central to the National Standards and to music curricula across the United States, and the sample size was again very small. As a result, the 2008 music NAEP was not a valid measure of students' music learning, and the results are of limited value to the field. The federal government is urged to provide the field with valid NAEP music assessments that measure the full range of music learning. A brief overview of the first four assessments of the NAEP in Music is presented in this article. (Contains 1 table.) ["Music Assessment and the Nation's Report Card: MENC's Response to the 2008 NAEP and Recommendations for Future NAEP in Music" was written with contributions from Paul Lehman, Richard Colwell, and Robert Morrison.]