Accountability countability, choice, equity, and social cohesion are core parts of the public debates over the charter school movement. To examine these important issues, we utilize the "1999-2000 Schools and Staffing Survey" to estimate the possible charter effect on public and private schools. Analyses of charter, public,and private schools suggest that they may co-exist in a competitive education system because each type of school demonstrates different advantages that present potentially attractive conditions for children. The charter movement has changed the landscape of competitive education reform in the United States. It is premature, however, to claim that the charter movement has created a resounding positive effect on both public and private schools. (Contains 11 tables and 4 footnotes.)