ERIC Number: EJ842564
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2009
Pages: 6
Abstractor: ERIC
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0040-0599
EISSN: N/A
"To Find Yourself, Think for Yourself": Using Socratic Discussions in Inclusive Classrooms
Chorzempa, Barbara Fink; Lapidus, Laurie
TEACHING Exceptional Children, v41 n3 p54-59 Jan-Feb 2009
As schools and teachers strive to align instruction with state and national standards, teachers often struggle with developing students' abilities to think for themselves. As a result, students may find analyzing a piece of literature and writing proficiently about it to be a daunting task. For some students, particularly those with disabilities, writing is intimidating, challenging, and labor intensive. Thus teaching students how to write, especially when teachers have been taught only a few strategies themselves, can be a very difficult undertaking. Socratic seminars, defined as "exploratory intellectual conversations centered on a text," are a group-discussion model and are designed in such a way to resemble Socrates's instruction-through-questioning method. They are held in a student-centered environment to foster authentic engagement and to prompt ideas to occur. Simply stated, this method involves students' reading a selection and then generating questions and exploring their ideas and questions in an open discussion. The open-discussion method not only allows students to support their own opinions with details but also strengthens their ability to exhibit a personal voice in their writing and improves the depth of their papers. The procedures and justifications for the use of Socratic seminars as a means of developing critical thinking skills are well documented in middle and high school classrooms. However, its use is rarely documented in elementary inclusive classrooms. This article provides a model and guidelines for using the Socratic method to develop students' critical thinking and writing skills within elementary inclusive classrooms. (Contains 1 figure.)
Descriptors: Seminars, Critical Thinking, Classrooms, Writing Skills, Thinking Skills, Discussion (Teaching Technique), Disabilities, Special Needs Students, Writing Strategies, Student Participation, Teaching Methods, Student Role, Teacher Role
Council for Exceptional Children. 1110 North Glebe Road Suite 300, Arlington, VA 22201. Tel: 888-232-7733; Fax: 703-264-9494; e-mail: cecpubs@cec.sped.org; Web site: http://www.cec.sped.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Publications1
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Education Level: Elementary Secondary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A