This article identifies critical components of effective school-based feeding improvement programs for students with feeding problems. A distinction is made between typical school-based feeding management and feeding improvement programs, where feeding, independent functioning, and mealtime behaviors are the focus of therapeutic strategies. Critical components of effective feeding improvement programs include (a) therapeutic feeding methods for the purpose of maximizing current skills and compensating for deficits, (b) therapeutic strategies for improving feeding skills, (c) behavior management strategies for improving positive mealtime behaviors, (d) strategies for enhancing the nutritional value of foods consumed, and (e) positioning/posture modifications for enhancing swallowing safety and efficiency. Educational concepts and results of empirical research that provide the foundation and framework for these components are described.