Ways in which aspects of the student experience associated with first-year retention at university are likely to be influenced by the use of virtual learning environments (VLEs) are explored here through structured interviews with academic staff and students at one institution (Kingston University). This research finds that some assumptions made about the value of VLEs in aiding communication between students and providing flexibility in modes of learning are not supported, but that retention is likely to be aided by the ways in which they can enhance confidence and provide a sense of control and ownership. The findings also indicate that students tend to be more positive than staff about the role of the VLE in enhancing their overall performance and experience and as such provide an impetus for further developments with the expectation of improved student retention, performance and satisfaction. (Contains 1 table.)