With the recently passed Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2004), federal law encourages monitoring student progress and gauging responsiveness to instruction. The Test of Silent Word Reading Fluency (TOSWRF; Mather, Hammill, Allen, & Roberts, 2004) is a group-administered test that holds promise for monitoring student progress. Designed for children and adolescents aged 6 years 6 months to 17 years 11 months, TOSWRF purports to measure silent reading fluency. Specifically, Mather et al. assert that TOSWRF measures "word identification and speed" and "word comprehension" (TOSWRF Examiner's Manual, p. 1). TOSWRF assesses the number of printed words a student can identify accurately and efficiently. Intended uses for this test include initial screening to identify poor readers; monitoring growth in word reading skill; and research (i.e., to document growth in intervention research, select students for participation in research, and validate other measures of general reading fluency). The TOSWRF is a 3-minute, group or individually administered assessment of silent word reading fluency. The test shows strong correlations with speeded word identification tasks, slightly lower correlations with nonspeeded word identification tasks, and moderate correlations with reading comprehension. It is not intended for use in diagnosing or placement decisions. Nor does it provide a comprehensive measure of reading or even of reading fluency. It measures two aspects of reading fluency, speed and accuracy, but does not measure prosody, which appears to be related to comprehension. TOSWRF can be used as an initial screening measure for identifying poor readers. In addition, it can be used for monitoring growth in word reading skill and research (e.g., to document growth in intervention research). This article provides a review of TOSWRF. The authors suggest that future research should provide more information about the TOSWRF's reliability and validity.