This article reviews multiple regression analysis, describes how its results should be interpreted, and instructs institutional researchers on how to conduct such analyses using an example focused on faculty pay equity between men and women. The use of multiple regression analysis will be presented as a method with which to compare salaries of male and female faculty in institutional studies or to establish or contest a prima facie case of discrimination in faculty salary equity cases and as a procedure for determining compensation and computing relief during settlement proceedings of faculty pay disparity cases. A brief review of significant case law and court decisions that have defined the role and scope of regression analysis in gender pay disparity cases is also provided. From this review, it will be clear that while statistical analyses are being used by the courts, the various interpretations of these analyses are subject to the sometimes incongruence of the rule of law as compared to the science of statistics (Luna, 2006).