Using the story of death row inmate Charles Singleton, who developed paranoid schizophrenia while in prison awaiting execution, this case study explores the relationship between a society's concept of mental illness and its treatment of people who are mentally ill. Students are asked to identify the model of mental illness assumed by each of the lawyers in the case and to explain the implications of that model in terms of the defendant's rights and responsibilities. This case uses an actual news event--the story of death row inmate Charles Singleton, who developed paranoid schizophrenia while in prison awaiting execution--to examine the major models of mental illness. The purpose of the case study is to provide a real-life example that shows how adopting a given conceptual approach can determine the treatment a mentally ill patient receives.