The science notebook is more than a record of data that students collect, facts students learn, and procedures students conduct. It is also a record of students' questions, predictions, claims linked to evidence, conclusions, and reflections--all structured by an investigation leading to an understanding of "big ideas" (not factoids) in science. A science notebook is a central place where language, data, and experience work together to form meaning for the student. The following six research-based science notebook components are discussed in this article: (1) Question, Problem, Purpose; (2) Prediction; (3) Planning; (4) Observations/Claims-Evidence; (5) What Have You Learned?; and (6) Next Steps/New Questions.