In recent years, with the improvement of information and communication technologies and the step towards 5G technology in the Internet infrastructure, the use of technologies in education is increasing day by day. Metaverse is one of the important technologies that contribute to digital education processes. While various studies search the literature to synthesize Metaverse-related findings in education, there are few studies that describe the main features of the Metaverse-based education concept, systematically summarize the findings related to this concept. To fill this gap, this study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the Metaverse-based education concept and propose a framework for this concept. The search was made in different databases, and both quantitative analysis and qualitative discussion were used to analyze the state of the art. This study contributes a structured overview of Metaverse-based education-related publications and reports on the existing state of literature, categorizes publications, analyzes and links trends, highlights gaps, and accordingly proposes a framework (i.e. characteristics, critical success and risk factors, technologies, and components). This study not only adds to the current Metaverse-based education knowledge body but also offers policymakers and practitioners with references for developing policies and good practices to support Metaverse-based education.