This study examined smartphone usage behaviours of elementary school students and media literacy. Data were gathered from a survey with a sample of 450 students from different schools in seven main regions of Kosovo, aged 10-15. There is no difference between males and females in smartphone access, while there is a slight difference between them in time spent using smartphones. This research clearly shows that elementary school students' smartphone use is very high, but on the other side, it is not reflected at all in the school curriculum. There is a low level of getting advice from parents and a low level of information about the risks and negative effects of smartphones and the internet, leaving children unprepared for the digital environment in which they grow up. Another finding is related to the risk behavior and Kosovo's results are similar to other countries, with girls more exposed to these risks than boys.