Bullying victimization is a significant public health concern and has been associated with various mental health problems. This study aims to investigate the heterogeneity and transition patterns of bullying victimization among Chinese adolescents, and the influence of interpersonal relationships on the dynamic process of victimization over a 12-month period. The valid sample consists of 1246 adolescents (51.8% girls) in seventh-eighth grade, aged 11-15 years (M[subscript age] = 13.58, SD = 0.75) at the first measurement. Latent profile analysis and latent transition analysis were utilized to identify latent profiles and transition patterns of victimization among adolescents. The results revealed three subgroups based on the forms and severity of victimization: the high victimized group, the moderately victimized group, and the low victimized group. The low victimized group is the most stable. Individuals who initially belong to low victimized group rarely transition into moderately or high victimized groups over time. The moderately and high victimized groups changed greatly, with both showing a trend of decreasing levels of victimization. Peer relationships played an important role in preventing victimization, but it was not found that teacher-student relationships had a significant predictive effect.