Teacher-student interaction (TSI) is the core element and important teaching method of smart classroom. Improving the quality of smart classroom teaching and developing higher-order thinking (HOT) among students requires strengthening research on the TSI structure in smart classroom. At present, the structure model of TSI in smart classroom mainly focuses on language interaction and pays less attention to the development of students' HOT. The purpose of this research is to construct a smart classroom TSI structure model that helps students develop HOT. Firstly, a top-down theoretical deduction method was adopted. After in-depth analysis of the intension and characteristics of TSI in smart classroom, with relevant achievements in the structural elements of TSI was combined, a preliminary model of the TSI structure in smart classroom was constructed. Secondly, a questionnaire survey method was used, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to revise and validate the model. This model consisted of six dimensions and twenty-two elements. The six dimensions included interactive objective, interactive subject, interactive content, interactive way, interactive process, and interactive media, and each dimension specifically included three to four elements. This structural model can serve as a measurement tool to examine the level of TSI in smart classroom, which will provide reference for improving the quality of smart classroom teaching and developing HOT among students.