Objective: This study examined (1) the validity and reliability of the 3 × 2 achievement goal questionnaire (3 × 2 AGQ) in a college physical activity (PA) setting, and (2) relationships between achievement goals and students' persistence/effort. Methods: Participants were 556 students (M = 20.31 years, SD = 1.34; 305 males; 251 females) enrolled in PA classes at a major university in the southwest U.S. Results: Results indicated that the 3 × 2 AGQ failed to assess six achievement goals as construed in the 3 × 2 model of achievement goals in academic settings. However, it served as a reliable and valid measure assessing task/self-approach, task/self-avoidance, other-approach, and other-avoidance goals in a college PA setting. All except other-avoidance goals were found motivationally beneficial and positively predicted persistence/effort. Conclusions: Instructors are encouraged to figure out how to use their influences and peers' influences to help students endorse achievement goals that contribute to positive motivation, such as task/self-approach goals.