Assessment and recognition are key aspects of microcredentials, and other courses offered on massive open online course (MOOC) platforms. Microcredentials are designed to address the needs of employers and learners looking for units of study at a higher education level aligned with the requirements of labour markets. This paper reviews current methods for assessment and recognition used in MOOCs and microcredentials, proposing a framework with seven aspects and two checklists for use at planning and design stages. The framework is based on a review of 27 documents and a synthesis process. It provides a tool for microcredential producers to check whether the best ID verification, assessment, recognition, and quality assurance approaches are in place, enabling them to reflect on, and possibly improve, their choices.