The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on online assessment in the context of opportunities and threats based on the literature. To this end, 19 articles related to the AI tool ChatGPT and online assessment were analysed through rapid literature review. In the content analysis, the themes of "AI's assistance role", "automatic grading and feedback", "improving assessment" and "time benefit" were obtained in the opportunities category, while the themes of "academic integrity concern", "reliability issues" and "adaptability issues" were obtained in the threats category. The impact of AI on online assessment was explained within the scope of these themes. The results revealed that the most emphasis was placed on "improving assessment" themes in the opportunities category, and "academic integrity concern" themes in the threats category. At the end of this preliminary review, it was revealed that more studies investigating the integration of AI to online assessment are needed and all educational institutions, especially distance education institutions, should take measures to ensure the ethical use of AI.