Declining enrollment quickly raises financial challenges within colleges and universities, such as decreased tuition and fee revenues, costs that can be difficult to nimbly control, and reputational risk. For public institutions within the same state, declining enrollment can also have a secondary impact: increasing competition. While a state's public institutions may have historically distinct missions and roles that lead them to reach out to and enroll different student populations, fewer people seeking postsecondary education risks blurring these distinctions. In this article, the authors briefly explore the enrollment trends across public research institutions and regional institutions--two very different, and very necessary, sectors within a state's public higher education ecosystem.