The influence of Michigan leadership behaviors in organizational variables has been conducted in the Western context. However, limited studies have been conducted in the Vietnam context, particularly in the primary school sector. This study aims to examine the impact of Michigan leadership behaviors on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) in Vietnamese primary schools. In addition, this research aims to challenge the mediating role of organizational justice (OJ) and person-organization fit (POF) in the relationship between Michigan leadership behaviors and OCBs. A total of 282 responses were collected from various primary schools in Vietnam. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and linear regression analysis were used to answer the research question. Findings partially supported our hypotheses as two Michigan leadership dimensions significantly influence OCBs, and OJ mediates the relationship between relationship-oriented leadership behavior (ROL) and OCBs. This study opens the main gaps in the current leadership studies, including the influence of Michigan leadership behaviors on OCB, its role in promoting OJ, and the underlying mechanism through which Michigan leadership behaviors contribute to OCB with the mediation of OJ.