In recent times, teacher preparation programmes have faced significant challenges as many universities transitioned to fully online or hybrid instructional models as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. These sudden shifts drastically decreased classroom teaching opportunities, which was a cornerstone of teacher preparation programmes to help preservice teachers learn how to teach effectively. Therefore, considering the importance of visualizations in mathematics education for facilitating teaching, motivating students, and satisfying their desire to comprehend abstract mathematical concepts, this study investigates the barriers to utilizing, and the effective ways of integrating Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) in the preparation of pre-service mathematics teachers. Underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm, the study employed a qualitative research approach and a case study design. Data were collected from twenty-five pre-service mathematics teachers, two mathematics teacher educators, and one department head. For this study, data collected were analysed using thematic analysis, and data trustworthiness was ensured through triangulation of the unit of analysis. Research findings revealed that the use of CVEs in teacher education programs is hampered by several factors, which include resistance to change, technological limits, costs and time constraints, assessment difficulties, equality and access issues, and a lack of training and support. Furthermore, the findings highlighted that for CVEs to be effective in teacher preparation programmes, mathematics educators should encourage the simulation of classroom scenarios, facilitate group discussions and cooperative learning and participate in virtual professional development opportunities.