ERIC Number: EJ1430463
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2024
Pages: 15
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0143-4632
EISSN: EISSN-1747-7557
A Longitudinal Study of the Subdomains of Boredom in Practical English Language Classes in an Online Setting: A Factor of Curves Latent Growth Modeling
Mariusz Kruk; Majid Elahi Shirvan; Miroslaw Pawlak; Tahereh Taherian; Elham Yazdanmehr
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, v45 n5 p1633-1647 2024
In this study we used a factor of curves model (FCM) to examine the co-development of the subdomains of boredom in practical English language classes in an online setting (BPELC) over time in four phases of an online L2 course to explore the covariance of the initial level and slope of the sub-domains, as well as to check to what extent the variation in these subdomains can be accounted by the underpinning global factor of BPELC. Data were collected from 412 adult EFL learners on four temporal occasions via the "Boredom in Practical English Classes--Revised scale," created by Pawlak et al. (2020a). Analysis was conducted by Mplus in three stages. Findings revealed a statically significant decrease over time in both subdomains. Also, a negative covariance was uncovered between the initial level and the growth level of each subdomain. Moreover, the covariances between the initial and growth levels of both subdomains were moderately high. Finally, the variances of the initial and growth levels of each of the subdomains were accounted for to a great extent by the underpinning global factor of BPELC. The results are interpreted in view of the underlying theories of boredom.
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Psychological Patterns, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Electronic Learning, Online Courses, Learner Engagement, Student Satisfaction, Foreign Countries
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: Iran
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A