What opportunities and challenges occur in reclaiming Indigenous languages within state institutions? This article considers the case of intercultural bilingual education in Ecuador. The school system is remarkable as a national-level initiative run by and for Indigenous "pueblos" and nationalities. Based primarily on two years of ethnographic research in the national directorate offices of the school system and in schools, I describe three challenges that have arisen for directors that are linked to national state offices and expectations. Ultimately, Kichwa is more prominent than ever even as national planning and support changes Kichwa. The case shows contradictions of institutions in language revitalization efforts.