Pre-school teachers' competence to see and decide to use learning opportunities in informal play-based situations (i.e. situation-specific skills) is key for high-quality pre-school instruction. Current insights into pre-school teachers' situation-specific skills and their association with underlying teacher disposition and instructional materials are limited. We aimed to complement existing findings by systematically analysing pre-service and in-service pre-school teachers' situation-specific skills in association with their underlying disposition and the type of instructional material in the domain of early mathematics. We assessed 274 pre-service and in-service pre-school teachers' mathematical content and pedagogical content knowledge (MCK, MPCK), beliefs and situation-specific skills, operationalised as the mathematical questions they formulate during simulated shared picture book reading activities. Logistic multilevel regression analyses revealed a complex interplay between pre-service and in-service pre-school teachers' disposition, the type of instructional material and situation-specific skills, pointing to the need for future studies on the topic.