In the era of higher education institutions' internationalisation, international student mobility is viewed as a crucial educational tool for enhancing the cross-cultural competence of learners. This paper aims to present research findings on the development of cross-cultural competence (skills, knowledge, and attitudes) among students participating in a short-term international mobility programme. The study involved 45 students from five European universities located in Kosovo, the Czech Republic, Poland, Belgium, and Malta. We utilised three scales in our methodology: the Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory, the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire, and the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale, along with data from a structured diary. Our findings indicate that students who took part in this programme expanded their knowledge through various trainings and workshops during each study visit abroad. Students not only gained new knowledge and specific skills (e.g., conflict management, negotiation skills), and behaviours (e.g., tolerance, openness, trust), but they also improved previously acquired competencies, such as professional and linguistic ones (English fluency). This study contributes to the scientific understanding of cross-cultural competence development and may also be valuable in designing intercultural training and mobility programmes for students.