Colors in the learning environment are likely to affect students' memory. In addition, each individual's interest and attitude towards colors change over time under the influence of different factors. Thus, this very question arises "what is the relationship between color preferences and effects of colors on memory on students' learning in learning environment?" This study focuses on the simultaneous evaluation of color preferences and the effect of colors on memory with the aim of improving the quality of learning of grade 1 primary school students who are at the beginning of the learning path. A total of 180 students of both genders (male and female) from the grade-1 primary school were evaluated. In the first test, 8 copies were prepared from the modeled image of the interior of a classroom. The students were then asked to recall images of 9 objects placed on colored backgrounds after observing each copy. In the second test, they were asked which colors they would prefer to paint the classroom interior using the same copies but this time without images of objects and in the form of a qualitative questionnaire. The results were evaluated by SPSS, Friedman ranking test and Pearson's correlation test. It was observed that there is a significant relationship between color preferences and color effects only in some colors. Moreover, the results indicated that, for achieving the desired results in terms of color selection of learning environments, the component of color preferences and color effects are required to be evaluated simultaneously and along with one another.