To explore the relationship between family resilience and preschool children's problem behaviours and the role of maternal parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy in this relationship, a total of 1282 mothers of preschool children were surveyed. The results showed that: (1) family resilience could significantly negatively predict preschool children's problem behaviours. (2) Maternal parenting stress completely mediated the relationship between family resilience and preschool children's problem behaviours. (3) Maternal parenting self-efficacy completely mediated the relationship between family resilience and preschool children's problem behaviours. (4) Maternal parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy played a mediating chain role between family resilience and preschool children's problem behaviours. This study deepened the understanding of the relationship between family resilience and children's social adjustment by discussing and outlining the relationship between family resilience to its influence on children's problem behaviours.