ERIC Number: EJ1421150
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2024-Jan
Pages: N/A
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: N/A
EISSN: EISSN-2049-6613
Inclusive Education, Gender Inequality and Public Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa
Review of Education, v12 n1 Article e3452 2024
In the contemporary literature, several studies have attempted to see the effect of gender inequality and public expenditure on inclusive education. However, few have attempted to determine the gender inequality threshold. In this study, we first examined the threshold of gender inequality which, when exceeded, the effect on inclusive education becomes negative. Second, we examined the effect of public expenditure on inclusive education in 17 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, in the period from 2000 to 2019. The fixed-effect panel data model was used. The following results have been established: (i) the gender inequality threshold from which the effect of gender inequality becomes negative on the gross enrolment rate is respectively established at 0.38 in primary and 0.37 in secondary. At the higher level, the effect of gender inequality is linear and negative on the gross enrolment rate; (ii) public expenditure on education has a positive and significant effect at the primary and secondary level on inclusive education. However, its effect at the higher level is negative. As implications, the results constitute and intermediate objective for the countries for the sub-Saharan Africa which failing to achieve gender equality, would benefit from reducing inequality to 0.38 at primary level and 0.37 at secondary level. Secondary, education in order to cancel out the negative effect of gender inequality on gross enrolment rates at the primary and secondary level. Secondly, states must further consider public education expenditure as a relevant instrument for achieving SDG 4.
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Public Education, Expenditures, Sex Fairness, Elementary Education, Secondary Education, Higher Education, Population Growth, Inclusion
Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2191/en-us
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Postsecondary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: Africa
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A