This study explores the influence of kindergarten care on the social and cognitive development of Saudi Arabian and international students in early childhood education in Saudi Arabia. A mixed-methods approach assessed the development of 302 children, aged between 5 years and 11 months to 7 years, and their mothers in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province. The study utilized the Cognitive Abilities Tests (CogAt) and the Social Skills Scale (SSS), considering variables like gender, kindergarten type, family income, and maternal education. Results indicate a significant correlation between children's social and cognitive development, with cognitive abilities potentially predicting social skills. Mothers' responses suggest that while kindergarten plays a crucial role in children's development, it remains insufficient for optimal social and cognitive growth. This study highlights the growing focus on kindergartens in Saudi Arabia for their potential to boost cognitive development and academic success.