In today's higher education landscape, there are numerous conflicting pressures that influence how the mix of academic programs institutions choose to offer will evolve. This article describes: (1) The need to understand better how institutions' program arrays are evolving over time in the face of a variety of student, workforce, competitive, financial, and regulatory pressures; (2) How the use of the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System data to examine changes in institutions' program offerings over time reveal which kinds of programs are increasing and which are decreasing; (3) The overall number of programs offered by U.S. institutions of higher education increased from 2014 to 2019, even as enrollments declined. Trends varied by state, sector, program level, and discipline; and (4) The available data may help policy makers and institutional leaders understand how individual program-level decisions translate into bigger picture trends, so they can put those decisions in context and consider strategic investments.