The strong development of information and communication technology and the in-depth impact of the COVID-19 pandemic promote faster digital transformation and provoke online teaching modes at Vietnamese universities. To flexibly adapt to the above changes, university lecturers need to be in-service trained in online teaching competence. The aim of this study is to develop an Online Teaching Competence Framework for University Lecturers in Vietnam that will serve as a scientific basis for building an online teaching competence training program for both lecturers and teacher education. The Online Teaching Competence Framework for University Lecturers was created through (1) a systematic literature review on the online teaching competence of lecturers and (2) exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of its component competencies and items based on data from 311 lecturers at two public universities of technology and education in Vietnam. The Online Teaching Competence Framework for Lecturers was established with 25 items under five component competencies, namely "Technology", "Understanding Student Learning", "Digital Content Development and Learning Facilitation", "Online Learning Outcomes Assessment" and "Online Session Administration". The limitations and practical recommendations for further research are also addressed in this study.