The study presented here examines the determinants of primary school dropout while highlighting the role of household characteristics in Cameroon. Data were drawn from the fourth Cameroonian household survey conducted in 2014 (ECAM 4). The author uses an extended production function to estimate a "logit" model that puts forward the marginal effects of the explanatory variables. The results show that the probability of dropping out of school is higher for children who have to work in order to meet household needs, and when the head of the household is a farmer or a worker in the informal sector, while the availability of textbooks and other school supplies is associated with a lower probability of dropout.