The present study investigated the mediation role of resilience between competency and occupational well-being and its variations among Chinese special education teachers. Two hundred and twenty-four Chinese special education teachers from Shandong and Zhejiang in China completed a range of self-report questionnaires, including Special Education Teacher Competence Scale, The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Special Education Teacher Occupational Well-being Scale. Correlation analysis revealed that special education teachers' competence, resilience, and occupational well-being were significantly correlated with each other. Furthermore, structural equation modelling analysis showed that competence exerted its indirect effect on occupational well-being through the mediation of resilience. The findings of this study provide a new perspective on the complex association between competence and occupational well-being. Practical implications were discussed in this academic research.