The present study examined the mediating role of emotional exhaustion in the relationship between work-family conflicts and commitment to the profession and the moderating role of psychological capital in explaining the proposed mediating mechanism. The study was based on a cross-sectional design and was conducted in Spring 2020 on a convenience sample of 1655 Croatian teachers. The moderated mediation analysis revealed that work-family and family-work conflicts were related to emotional exhaustion ([beta] = 0.645, p < 0.001 and [beta] = 0.353, p < 0.001, respectively), which, in turn, was related to commitment to the profession ([beta] = -0.319, p < 0.001 and [beta] = -0.353, p < 0.001, respectively). Also, work-family conflicts were directly related to commitment to profession ([beta] = -0.133, p < 0.001 and [beta] = -0.149, p < 0.001, respectively). Finally, the relationship between family-work conflict and emotional exhaustion was stronger among teachers with greater psychological capital.