This study investigates (1) whether second language learners (L2ers) acquire the Mandarin system of pronouns and reflexives despite differences from their first languages (L1s) and (2) whether L1-English and L1-Korean L2ers differ due to L1-transfer. Unlike English, Mandarin and Korean allow long-distance (LD) reflexives. While "himself/herself" and the Mandarin equivalent "taziji" both require local readings, Mandarin "ziji" 'self' allows both local and LD readings. In Korean, "caki" and "casin" allow LD readings while "caki-casin" requires local readings. For pronouns, English "him/her" and Mandarin "ta" both disallow local readings while Korean "ku/kunye" allows them. These cross-linguistic differences lead to different transfer-based predictions for L1-Korean and L1-English L2-Mandarin learners. Sixty-two Mandarin native speakers, 42 L1-Korean L2ers, and 32 L1-English L2ers completed a picture-based Truth Value Judgment Task and a Mandarin proficiency test. Results show that proficiency-matched L2ers from both L1s predominantly allowed only local readings of "ziji," suggesting that the local reading is the default option, and that Korean speakers do not transfer the properties of Korean simplex reflexives onto "ziji," possibly because LD "ziji" is logophoric, while "caki" is not. Regarding "ta," L1-Korean L2ers under-accepted LD readings and over-accepted local readings, a result that can be attributed to transfer, per Kim's analysis that Rule I, posited by Grodzinsky and Reinhart, that regulates the distribution of pronouns is weak or absent in Korean.