This research study aimed to explore the speaking anxiety of Turkish learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) and its relation to EFL speaking self-efficacy, fear of negative evaluation (FNE), self-perceived English speaking proficiency, and gender. 293 (132 females, 161 males) university-level EFL students completed the EFL speaking anxiety scale, EFL speaking self-efficacy scale, and FNE scale. Four main findings were obtained as a result of the statistical analyses: (1) students' speaking anxiety had a negative relationship with both self-perceived oral English proficiency and speaking self-efficacy; (2) a positive relationship was determined between FNE and speaking anxiety; (3) EFL speaking anxiety was found to be lower in boys than in girls; and (4) speaking self-efficacy, FNE, and self-perceived oral proficiency were identified as meaningful predictors of students' EFL speaking anxiety. In light of these findings, the study offers some pedagogical implications.