This article reviews foundational scholarship related to leadership identity development (LID). The LID grounded theory and resultant model are explained, and subsequent replication and translation studies are overviewed and thematized. The authors also interrogate how issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion shape the development and enactment of leadership identity development, including structured inequalities and barriers to opportunity. We conclude with examples of how institutions of higher education have utilized the LID framework for programs, policies, and institutional transformation.