The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2018 list top 1,000 universities in the world which represent only 5% of the 20,000 higher education institutions of the world. Out of these world countries, Finnish youth were the best young readers in the world according to results from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Finish students also led in math in 2003 tests, and in 2006 when Finland was first out of 57 countries in science. Finland's achievements in education have other nations, especially the United States, doing their homework. Finland mania picked up more when the nation placed close to the top again in 2009 PISA scores among nearly half a million students worldwide , while the United States ranked 15th in reading, 19th in math and 27th in science. According to The Education Working Paper Series produced by the Education Unit at the World Bank, Finland's remarkable performance today springs directly from education policies and reforms (overhaul) set in motion in the 1960's and 1970's.