Little is known about how teacher professional development helps enhance collective teacher efficacy so as to improve student performance. The present systematic review addresses two research questions, first by identifying 583 studies that may contribute pertinent information and then by performing in-depth analysis to eliminate those that did not meet our inclusion and quality criteria. After analyzing 18 studies, the results of this review confirm the impact of collective efficacy on student performance and highlight the importance of the role of principals in fostering a culture of trust and collaboration among school administrators and teaching staff.