Due to the high rates of preterm births, it is essential to examine the developmental risk factors and monitor development. The aim of our cross-sectional study is to examine the cognitive, language and motor development of LBW (<2500 g) children (N = 438) regarding sociodemographic risk factors. We measured the 2-year development with the Bayley-III psychodiagnostic tool. Information on children's mental health was measured by the parental version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Sociodemographic risk factors were assessed with self-compiled questionnaires and UNICEF Child Deprivation Index. More than 25% of the sample showed mild or severe developmental delay and was reported to have emotional and behavioural problems. Regarding sociodemographic variables, we found lower developmental indicators among children who are exposed to more risk factors. In our study, we would like to draw the attention to the significance of early developmental screening in the high-risk group of LBW children.