Oral language skills are essential for developing good interpersonal relationships, for emotional and behavioral function as well as for academic and vocational success. Language problems can have serious, adverse consequences, and individuals coming into conflict with the law often have a history of undiagnosed language problems and poor academic achievement. Pragmatic skills, meaning the appropriate use and interpretation of language in context, form the foundation for communicative competence, and pragmatic problems may negatively affect the capacity to engage appropriately with others across a range of social situations. Language problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been independently linked to an increased risk of behavioral problems, and the reported prevalence of ADHD is higher in prison populations compared to the general population. Studies on oral language problems in the prison population have mainly targeted young male offenders. Data on female prisoners are particularly scarce. The present study investigated self-reported oral language and communication problems in a Norwegian sample of 44 adult female prisoners. The main finding was that these problems were prevalent, and they were identified in about one third of the sample, well above what is expected based on rates in the general population. In line with findings from previous studies, ADHD was also prevalent, with 61.4% of the participants being identified with the disorder. There was a strong association between oral language problems and ADHD symptoms, with individuals showing more symptoms of ADHD also showing poorer oral language skills. Participants with ADHD performed significantly poorer than the rest of the sample on all language measures. Knowledge of how the female prisoners themselves perceive their oral language problems is important for developing targeted and successful interventions. The authors' findings highlight the importance of language assessment as a crucial part of correctional services and a potential priority for intervention in female prisoners.