This study examines the relationship between the financial socialization agents, attitude toward money, and financial literacy with the mediating role of financial self-efficacy and the moderating role of mindfulness. The self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection from higher education institutions using the convenience sampling method because the sampling frame was not available. The data were tested using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in smart PLS. The results indicated a positive relationship between financial self-efficacy, financial socialization agents, attitude toward money, mindfulness, and financial literacy. The finding of mediation analysis suggests the significant mediation effect of financial self-efficacy between attitude toward money and financial social agents with financial literacy. The mediation of financial self-efficacy between attitude toward money and financial literacy has the greatest impact which indicates that students with positive attitude and self-efficacy create high financial literacy. Whereas mindfulness positively moderates the relation of attitude toward money and financial literacy and negatively moderates the relation of financial self-efficacy and financial literacy while mindfulness does not moderate the relation of financial socialization agents and financial literacy. The findings of this research are of use to different stakeholders who are users or regulators of financial institutions because enhancing financial literacy has become a priority.