ERIC Number: EJ1352693
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2022-Nov
Pages: 10
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-1525-7401
EISSN: EISSN-1538-4837
Factors in Toddlers with Late Language Emergence in a Middle-Income South African Sample
Kraamwinkel, Elmien; Kritzinger, Alta
Communication Disorders Quarterly, v44 n1 p23-32 Nov 2022
Late language emergence (LLE) may result from genetic and environmental factors. Little is known about environmental factors in LLE in South Africa. The study describes the nature of differences in language functioning between toddlers with LLE and without LLE, and which factors were associated with LLE in a middle-income area in South Africa. Toddlers, ages 24 to 36 months with LLE (n = 20) were matched with a control group (CG, n = 21) for household income, age, gender, maternal education, and parental employment. The research group (RG) showed moderate delays in expressive and receptive language, and play skills, while the controls exhibited no delay. Significant differences in early feeding history and multilingual exposure were found between the groups. As far as known, it is the first study utilizing a South African middle-income sample indicating that multilingual exposure may play a role in LLE. The study focuses the attention on environmental factors that are potentially modifiable in LLE.
Descriptors: Toddlers, Language Acquisition, Delayed Speech, Comparative Analysis, Correlation, Family Income, Age Differences, Gender Differences, Mothers, Educational Attainment, Expressive Language, Receptive Language, Play, Nutrition, Multilingualism, Middle Class, Role, Second Language Learning, Foreign Countries, Adjustment (to Environment), Behavior Rating Scales, Employed Parents
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: South Africa
Identifiers - Assessments and Surveys: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A