This investigation set out to explore the self-regulated learning strategies implemented by high-achieving International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) students and those with learning difficulties in a context in which teachers were developing their practice to better align with IB philosophy. Specifically, I aimed to determine whether the strategies used by students in the two categories differed and, if so, what accounted for these differences. The sample included four DP students with diagnosed learning difficulties and six high-achieving DP students. Methods included collecting samples of independent work that reflected their strategy use; accompanying written reflections; and semi-structured interviews utilising a combination of stimulated recall and open-ended questions. Results suggest that only slight differences existed in the number and type of strategies used by participants in each category, but there were some important differences in strategy quality. These differences appeared to be related to the epistemic awareness students demonstrated, rather than their categorisation as having learning difficulties or being high-achieving. Although the IB Diploma Programme is widely considered an appropriate secondary programme for high-achieving students, its potential to enhance self-regulated learning suggests this programme may also be an appropriate option for some university-bound students with learning difficulties. As the literature review for this investigation uncovered only one previous study pertaining to IB Diploma Programme students with learning difficulties, this is a significant contribution to knowledge with implications for admissions as well as teaching and learning in IB schools. The investigation also indicates that epistemic awareness may play a more significant role in self-regulated learning than contemporary theories suggest.